Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
O Johan1*, Idris2, Fakhrurrozi2 and O Sianipar3
1Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Perikanan No. 13, Pancoran Mas, Depok, 16436, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
2Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation, Jalan Asyibaniyah No. 105-106 Pondok Jaya Cipayung, Depok 16438, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
3Directorate of Environmental Dispute Settlement Outside the Courts-Ministry Environment and Forestry, Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok I lt. 2 Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto, Jakarta 10270, Indonesia
*Corresponding author: ofrijohan@kkp.go.id
ABSTRACT
Coral reefs are distributed widely around Indonesia waters which has various functions as fisheries sources and tourism benefits. Coral reefs are very vulnerable to various threats, such as ship grounding in several areas in Indonesia. The measurement of damage width of coral reefs used the irregular polygon method. In contrast, the impact and the level of damage were measured using the underwater photo transect (UPT) method. The grounding of the ship has caused massive damage to coral reefs with a width area of 46.89 m2. Types of damage include physical and biological damages that make the coral split, break, and shift. The ship grounding caused the coral colonies to be uprooted and blown from the substrate, destroying coral skeletons, lifting, and sediment displacement. Coral condition at the control area was 35.13% (bad condition), whereas condition on the damaged area as the impact of ship grounding was 14% in trajectory zone. The total width to be claimed was 11.92 m2. The degradation of coral reefs can affect and reduce the functions and benefits of ecosystems both ecologically and economically. The shipowner has to do the rehabilitation and compensation of the damaged area.
KEYWORDS:
compensation; coral coverage; damage; irregular polygon; trajectory area
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Citation O Johan et al 2022 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 967 012048